July 1
Birthdays:
1977 ~ Liv Tyler (née Liv Rundgren), American actress and model. She is the daughter of Aerosmith’s Steve Tyler. She was born in New York, New York.
1967 ~ Pamela Anderson (née Pamela Denise Anderson), Canadian-born actress. She was born in Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada.
1962 ~ Andre Braugher (né Andre Keith Braugher), African-American actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1961 ~ Diana, Princess of Wales (née Diana Frances Spencer, d. Aug. 31, 1997), first wife of Charles III, King and mother of Prince William and Prince Henry. At the time of their marriage in 1981, he was known as the Prince of Wales. She was of the House of Spencer. She was the daughter of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer and Frances Roche. She died at age 36 of injuries sustained in a car accident in Paris, France. The car she was in was driven by Henri Paul (1956 ~ 1997) and they were fleeing from the paparazzi.
1961 ~ Carl Lewis (né Frederick Carlton Lewis), African-American athlete and track star. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama.
1953 ~ Jadranka Kosor, 9th Prime Minister of Croatia. She was Prime Minister from July 2006 through December 2011. She was born in Pakrac, Croatia.
1952 ~ Dan Aykroyd (né Daniel Edward Aykroyd), Canadian actor. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
1951 ~ Anne Feeney (d. Feb. 3, 2021), American folk musician and protest singer. She performed over 4,000 shows over 30 years. She played at anti-war rallies, picket lines, union halls and punk clubs. She was born in Charleroi, Pennsylvania. She died of Covid-19 at age 69 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1950 ~ David Duke (né David Ernest Duke), Louisiana politician and white supremacist. He lost his attempt at a run for Governor of Louisiana in the early 1990s. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
1945 ~ Debbie Harry (née Angela Tremble), American singer for the band, Blondie. She was born in Miami, Florida.
1942 ~ Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress, best known for her role as St. Joan. She was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
1941 ~ Alfred Gilman (né Alfred Goodman Gilman; d. Dec. 23, 2015), American pharmacologist and recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 74 in Dallas, Texas.
1941 ~ Myron Scholes (né Myron Samuel Scholes), Canadian-American economist and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was born in Timmins, Ontario, Canada.
1941 ~ Twyla Tharp, American choreographer. She was born in Portland, Indiana.
1939 ~ Karen Black (née Karen Blanche Ziegler; d. Aug. 8, 2013), American actress best known for her roles in Nashvilleand Five Easy Pieces. She was born in Park Ridge, Illinois. She died of cancer at age 74 in Santa Monica, California.
1936 ~ Wally Amos (né Wallace Amos, Jr.), African-American businessman and founder of Famous Amos cookies. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida.
1935 ~ David Prowse (né David Charles Prowse; d. Nov. 28, 2020), the British weightlifter who embodied Star Wars’ greatest villain. Due to his 6-foot, 6 inch frame, he is best known for physically portraying Darth Vader in the Star Warsmovies. He was born in Bristol, England. He died at age 85 in London, England.
1934 ~ Sydney Pollack (né Sydney Irwin Pollack; d. May 26, 2008), American Oscar-winning director, who tackled many genres. He was born in Lafayette, Indiana. He died of cancer at age 73 in Los Angeles, California.
1934 ~ Claude Berri (né Claude Beri Langmann; d. Jan. 12, 2009), French actor, director and writer. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died of a stroke at age 74.
1934 ~ Leonard J. Fein (d. Aug. 14, 2914), American journalist and co-founder of Moment Magazine. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 80 in Manhattan, New York.
1934 ~ Jamie Farr (né Jameel Joseph Farah), American actor best known for his role as corporal Klinger on the TV series M*A*S*H. He was born in Toledo, Ohio.
1934 ~ Jean Marsh (née Jean Lyndsey Torren Marsh), British actress. She was born in London, England.
1932 ~ Ze’ev Schiff (d. June 19, 2007), Israeli journalist. He was born in Lille, France. He died 12 days before his 75thbirthday in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1931 ~ Chris Strachwitz (né Count Christian Alexander Maria Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz; d. May 5, 2023), German-American folklorist who preserved the music of America’s roots. He was the founder and president of Arhoolie Records, which now belongs to the Smithsonian Institution, The company, which he established in 1960, became one of the leading labels recording and issuing blues, Cajun, Zydeco, polka, Hawaiian steel guitar, norteño, and other forms of roots music from the United States and elsewhere in the world. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died at age 91 in San Rafael, California.
1931 ~ Leslie Caron (née Leslie Claire Margaret Caron), French actress and dancer. She was born in Paris, France.
1929 ~ Gerald Edelman (né Gerald Maurice Edelman; d. May 17, 2014), American biologist and immunologist. He was the recipient of the 1972 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine. He was born in Queens, New York. He died at age 84 in La Jolla, California.
1926 ~ Hans Werner Henze (d. Oct. 27, 2012), German composer who was repelled and inspired by Germany. He died at age 86 in Dresden, Germany.
1926 ~ Robert Fogel (né Robert William Fogel; d. June 11, 2013), American economist and recipient of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science. He was born in New York, New York. He died 20 days before his 87th birthday in Oak Lawn, Illinois.
1923 ~ Scotty Bowers (né George Albert Bowers; d. Oct. 13, 2019), American hustler who procured hookups for Hollywood stars. He was a United States Marine. After he left the service, he became a pimp for 40 years. He wrote a 2012 tell-all entitled Full Service. He was born in Ottawa, Illinois. He died at age 96 in Los Angeles, California.
1919 ~ Thomas S. Kleppe (né Thomas Savig Kleppe; d. Mar. 2, 2007); 41st United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Gerald Ford from October 1975 until January 1977. He has also served in the United States House of Representatives from North Dakota. He was born in Kintyre, North Dakota. He died at age 87 in Bethesda, Maryland.
1916 ~ Dame Olivia de Havilland (née Olivia Mary de Havilland; d. July 26, 2020), English-American Golden Age star who bucked the Hollywood system. She is best known for her role as Melanie, Scarlet O’Hara’s sister-in-law, from Gone with the Wind. Her sister was actress Joan Fontaine. She was born in Tokyo, Japan. She died in Paris, France 25 days after her 104th birthday.
1915 ~ Willie Dixon (né William James Dixon; d. Jan. 29, 1992), African-American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He died at age 76 in Burbank, California.
1912 ~ David Brower (né David Ross Brower; d. Nov. 5, 2000), American environmentalist and founder of the Sierra Club Foundation. He was born and died in Berkeley, California. He died at age 88.
1906 ~ Estée Lauder (née Josephine Esther Mentzer; d. Apr. 24, 2004), American cosmetics entrepreneur and founder of Estée Lauder Cosmetics Company. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died at age 97.
1906 ~ Jean Dieudonné (né Jean Alexandre Eugène Dieudonné; d. Nov. 29, 1992), French mathematician. He was born in Lille, France. He died at age 86 in Paris, France.
1903 ~ Amy Johnson (d. Jan. 5, 1941), English aviator. She was an aviation pioneer and the first woman to fly alone from Britain to Australia. She was a participant in the Air Transport Auxiliary during World War II. She was killed during a ferry flight at age 37. Her body was never recovered.
1899 ~ Charles Laughton (d. Dec. 15, 1962), English actor. He was born in Scarborough, England. He died of renal cancer at age 63 in Los Angeles, California.
1899 ~ Thomas A. Dorsey (né Thomas Andrew Dorsey, d. Jan. 23, 1993), African-American composer and pianist. He was known as Georgia Tom. He was born in Villa Rica, Georgia. He died at age 93 in Chicago, Illinois.
1892 ~ James M. Cain (né James Mallahan Cain; d. Oct. 27, 1977), American detective writer and journalist. He is best known for his novels, The Postman Always Rings Twice and Double Indemnity. He was born in Annapolis, Maryland. He died at age 85 in University Park, Maryland.
1879 ~ Léon Jouhaux (d. Apr. 28, 1954), French union leader and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born in Pantin, France. He died at age 74 in Paris, France.
1869 ~ William Strunk, Jr. (d. Sept. 26, 1946), American author and educator. He is best known for writing The Elements of Style. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died at age 77 following a mental breakdown in Poughkeepsie, New York.
1818 ~ Ignaz Semmelweis (né Semmelweiss Ignáz Fülöp; d. Aug. 13, 1865), Hungarian obstetrical doctor. He was an early pioneer in the use of antiseptic procedures. He is often referred to as the “Savior of Mothers.” He was born in Buda, Hungary, Austrian Empire. He died at age 47 of blood poisoning.
1807 ~ Thomas Clemson (né Thomas Green Clemson; d. Apr. 6, 1888), American politician, who left his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College. He served in the Confederate Army. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 80 in Clemson, South Carolina.
1804 ~ George Sand (née Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin; d. June 8, 1876), French author. She was born in Paris, France. She died less than a month before her 72nd birthday.
1788 ~ Jean-Victor Poncelet (d. Dec. 22, 1867), French mathematician. He was born in Metz, France. He died at age 79 in Paris, France.
1742 ~ Georg C. Lichtenberg (né Georg Christoph Lichtenberg; d. Feb. 24, 1799), German physicist and satirist. He died in Göttingen at age 56 following a short illness.
1725 ~ Rhoda Delaval (d. Oct. 1757), English painter. She was born and died in London, England. She died of complication of childbirth in October 1757 at about age 31 or 32.
1646 ~ Gottfried Leibniz (né Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; d. Nov. 14, 1716), German mathematician. He died at age 70 in Hanover, Holy Roman Empire.
1534 ~ Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway (d. Apr. 4, 1588). He reigned from January 1559 until his death in 1588. He was married to Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1557 ~ 1631). They married in 1572. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Christian III, King of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. He was Lutheran. He died at age 53. He was succeeded by his son, Christian IV.
1506 ~ Louis II, King of Hungary (d. Aug. 29, 1526). He reigned from 1516 until his death in 1526. He was married to Mary of Austria (1505 ~ 1558). They married in 1515. There were no children of the marriage. He was of the House of Jagiellon. He was the son of Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia and Hungary and Anne of Foix-Candale. He was Roman Catholic. He was killed during the Battle of Mohács fighting the Ottomans at age 20.
1481 ~ Christian II, King of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (d. Jan. 25, 1559). He reigned as King of Denmark and Norway from July 1513 until Jan. 1523; as King of Sweden from November 1520 until August 1521. He was married to Isabella of Austria (1501 ~ 1526). They married in 1514. He was deposed by his uncle Frederick I and went into exile. His children were denied the throne. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of John, King of Denmark and Christina of Saxony. He died at age 77.
1361 ~ Charles III, King of Navarre (d. Sept. 8, 1425). He ruled Navarre from 1387 until his death in 1425. He was known as Charles the Noble. In 1375, he married Eleanor of Castile (d. 1416). He was of the House of Évreux. He was the son of Charles II, King of Navarre and Princess Joan of Valois. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 64. He was succeeded by his daughter, Blanche I, Queen of Navarre.
1336 ~ Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans (d. Sept. 1, 1376), member of the French royal family. In 1345, he married his second-cousin Blanche of France (1328 ~ 1393). There were no children of the marriage. He was of the House of Valois. He was the 5th son of Philip VI, King of France and Joan the Lame. He died at age 39.
Events that Changed the World:
2013 ~ Croatia joined the European Union as its 28th member.
2007 ~ England banned smoking in all public indoor spaces.
2005 ~ The Ford Motor Company ceased manufacturing the Thunderbird.
2002 ~ The International Criminal Court began its operation. The Court held its first hearings in 2006. Located in The Hague, Netherlands, the Court is one of last resort to bring the world’s worst criminals to justice for such crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes.
1997 ~ The United Kingdom transferred sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China. Hong Kong had been under British colonial rule for over 156 years. The transfer is sometimes known as The Handover.
1980 ~ O Canada officially became the national anthem of Canada.
1979 ~ The Sony company introduced its Walkman.
1966 ~ The Medicare Federal insurance program went into effect.
1963 ~ ZIP Codes, which stands for Zone Improvement Plan, were introduced for United States mail.
1960 ~ Somalia gained its independence.
1921 ~ The Communist Party of China was founded.
1916 ~ On the first day of the Battle of Somme during World War I over 19,000 British soldiers were killed and over 40,000 were wounded.
1908 ~ SOS was adopted as the international distress signal.
1903 ~ The first Tour de France bicycle race began. The race covered over 1,500 miles and took place over 9 days. Maurice Garin (1871 ~ 1957), was the first winner.
1898 ~ The Battle of San Juan Hill was fought in Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1881 ~ The first international telephone call was made between St. Steven, New Brunswick, Canada and Calais, Maine, in the United States.
1874 ~ The first commercially successful typewriter became available for sale. It was the Sholes and Glidden typewriter.
1873 ~ Prince Edward Island joined the Canadian Confederation.
1870 ~ The United States Department of Justice formally came into existence.
1867 ~ Canadian Independence Day.
1863 ~ The Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War began.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Hugh Downs (né Hugh Malcolm Downs; b. Feb 14, 1921), American television host, best known for his role as co-host on the Today Show. He was born in Akron, Ohio. He died at age 99 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
2017 ~ Heathcote Williams (né John Henley Heathcote-Williams; b. Nov. 15, 1941), British writer who embraced the counterculture. He was a poet, actor, and playwright. He died of kidney failure at age 75 in Oxford, England.
2015 ~ Czesław Olech (b. May 22, 1931), Polish mathematician. He died at age 84.
2015 ~ Lawrence Herkimer (né Lawrence Russell Herkimer; b. Oct. 14, 1925), American cheerleading pioneer who invented the pom-pom. He was born in Muskegon, Michigan. He was 89 years old in Dallas, Texas.
2015 ~ Sir Nicholas Winton (né Nicholas George Wertheim; b. May 19, 1909), British humble hero who saved children from the Nazis. He organized the Kindertransport and saved nearly 700 Czech children. He was born in London, England. He died at age 106.
2014 ~ Stephen Gaskin (b. Feb. 16, 1935), American hippy visionary who founded a lasting commune, known as The Farm. He was born in Denver, Colorado. He died at age 79 in Summertown, Tennessee.
2014 ~ David Greenglass (b. Mar 2, 1922), American spy who doomed his sister, Ethel Rosenberg, to execution. He was an atomic spy for the Soviet Union who worked on the Manhattan Project. It was his testimony that convicted his sister and brother-in-law. He served nine and a half years for his spying activities. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 92.
2013 ~ Charles Foley (b. Sept. 6, 1930), American game designer who broke taboos with his invention of the game Twister. He was born in Lafayette, Indiana. He died at age 82 in St. Louis Park, Minnesota.
2009 ~ Karl Malden (né Mladen George Sekulovich; b. Mar. 22, 1912), American not-quite leading man who made average Joes shine. He was primarily a character actor and won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for his role in A Streetcar Named Desire. He was also known for his role in the television crime drama The Streets of San Francisco. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 97 in Los Angeles, California.
2008 ~ Clay Felker (né Clay Schuette Felker; b. Oct. 2, 1925), American visionary editor who changed the face of magazines. He was a co-founder of the New York Magazine. He was born in Webster Grovers, Missouri. He died of throat cancer at age 82 in Manhattan, New York.
2004 ~ Marlon Brando, Jr. (b. Apr. 3, 1924), American actor. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He died at age 80 in Los Angeles, California.
2003 ~ Herbie Mann (né Herbert Jay Solomon, b. Apr. 16, 1930), American flutist and composer. He was born in New York, New York. He died of prostate cancer at age 73 in Pecos, New Mexico.
2001 ~ Nikolay Basov (b. Dec. 14, 1922), Russian physicist and recipient of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the development of the laser. He died at age 78 in Moscow, Russia.
2000 ~ Walter Matthau (né Walter John Matthow; b. Oct. 1, 1920), American actor who was the original sloppy Oscar Madison in the movie The Odd Couple. He was born in New York, New York. He died of heart disease at age 79 in Santa Monica, California.
1999 ~ Forrest Mars, Sr. (né Forrest Edward Mars; b. Mar. 21, 1904), American candy maker and creator of the Mars Bar and M&M’s. He was born in Wadena, Minnesota. He died at age 95 in Miami, Florida.
1997 ~ Robert Mitchum (né Robert Charles Durman Mitchum; b. Aug. 6, 1917), American actor. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He died of lung cancer and emphysema about a month before his 80th birthday in Santa Barbara, California.
1996 ~ Margaux Hemingway (née Margot Louise Hemingway; b. Feb. 16, 1954), American actress and model. She was the granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway. She was born in Portland, Oregon. She died by suicide at age 42 in Santa Monica, California.
1996 ~ William T. Cahill (né William Thomas Cahill; b. June 25, 1912), 46th Governor of New Jersey. He was Governor from January 1970 until January 1974. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died 6 days after his 84th birthday in Haddonfield, New Jersey.
1995 ~ Wolfman Jack (né Robert Weston Smith; b. Jan. 21, 1938), American radio disc jockey and personality. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 57 in Belvidere, North Carolina.
1991 ~ Michael Landon (né Eugene Maurice Orowitz; b. Oct. 31, 1936), American actor. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 54 of pancreatic cancer in Malibu, California.
1985 ~ Pauli Murray (née Anna Pauline Murray; b. Nov 20, 1910), African-American civil rights activist, lawyer and Episcopal priest. She was the first African-American woman to be ordained as an Episcopal priest. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died of pancreatic cancer at age 74 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1984 ~ Moshé Feldenkrais (né Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais; b. May 6, 1904), Ukrainian-born Israeli physicist. He died at age 80 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1983 ~ R. Buckminster Fuller (né Richard Buckminster Fuller; b. July 12, 1895), American architect. He was born in Milton, Massachusetts. He died 11 days before his 88th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1974 ~ Juan Perón (b. Oct. 8, 1895), Argentine politician and President of Argentina. He served his first term as President from June 1946 until September 1955. He served his second term from October 1973 until his death in July 1974. He was born and died in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was 78 years old.
1971 ~ Sir Lawrence Bragg (né William Lawrence Bragg; b. Mar. 31, 1890), Australian-English physicist and recipient of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics. At age 25, he was then the youngest person to receive a Nobel Prize. He shared the Nobel Prize with his father, William Henry Bragg, Sr. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. He died at age 81.
1950 ~ Eliel Saarinen (né Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen; b. Aug. 20, 1873), Finnish-American architect. He was the father of architect Eero Saarinen, who was born on his father’s 37th birthday. He died at age 76 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
1925 ~ Érik Satie (né Éric Alfred Leslie Satie; b. May 17, 1866), French pianist and composer. He died at age 59 in Paris, France.
1912 ~ Harriet Quimby (b. May 11, 1875), American pilot. She was the first woman to fly across the English Channel. She was born in Michigan. She was killed in a plane crash during an air show in Squantum, Massachusetts at age 37.
1905 ~ John Hay (né John Milton Hay; b. Oct. 8, 1838), 37th United States Secretary of State. He served under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from September 1898 until his death in July 1905. He was born in Salem, Indiana. He died of heart disease in Newbury, New Hampshire at age 66.
1896 ~ Harriett Beecher Stowe (née Harriett Elizabeth Beecher; b. June 14, 1811), American novelist and abolitionist, best known for her novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin. She was born in Litchfield, Connecticut. She died 2 weeks after her 85thbirthday in Hartford, Connecticut.
1894 ~ Allan J. Pinkerton (b. Aug. 25, 1819), Scottish-born American private detective and founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. He also served as the Head of the Union Intelligence Service at the start of the American Civil War. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He died at age 64 in Chicago, Illinois.
1860 ~ Charles Goodyear (b. Dec. 29, 1800), American chemist and manufacturing engineer. He was a self-taught chemist. He developed a method for vulcanized rubber. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut. He died at age 59 in New York, New York.
1782 ~ Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (b. May 13, 1730), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served two terms as Prime Minister, both during the reign of George III, King of the United Kingdom. The first term was from July 1765 through July 1766. His second term was only from March 1782 until his death of influenza at age 52 just 4 months later.
1749 ~ William Jones (b. 1675), Welsh mathematician. He is best known for his use of the symbol π to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about age 73 or 74 at the time of his death.
1717 ~ Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark (b. Sept. 1, 1647), member of the Danish royal family. She became the Electress consort of Saxony through her 1666 marriage to John George III, Elector of Saxony (1647 ~ 1691). She was of the House of Oldenburg. She was the daughter of Frederick III, King of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She died at age 69.
1348 ~ Princess Joan of England (b. Dec. 19, 1333), member of the English royal family. She never married. She was of the House of Plantaenet. She was the daughter of Edward III, King of England and Philippa of Hainault. She died at age 14 of the Black Death.
1321 ~ María de Molina (b. 1265), Queen consort of Castile and León. She was the wife of Sancho IV, King of Castile (1258 ~ 1295). They married in 1282. They had 7 children, including Ferdinand IV, King of Castile. She was of the Castilian House of Ivrea. She was the daughter of Infante Alfonso of Molina and Mayor Alfonso de Meneses. She was Roman Catholic. The date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about age 56 at the time of her death.
1109 ~ Alfonso VI, King of León and Castile (b. 1040). He ruled Castile from 1072 until his death; he ruled over León from 1065 until his death. He was married several times. He is believed to have been married five times and had at least two concubines. His wives were: Agnes of Aquitaine (d. 1078), Constance of Burgundy (1046 ~ 10993), Berta, Isabel, and Beatrice and the concubines Jimena Muñoz (d. 1128) and Zaida (b. 1070). He is believed to have married Agnes in 1069. He married Constance in 1079. They were the parents of Urraca, Queen of León and Castile in her own right. He married Berta in 1093. Little is known of her life. His fourth wife was Isabel, whom he married in 1100. His fifth wife was Beatrice. They are believed to have married in 1108. He was of the House of Jiménez. He was the son of Ferdinand I, King of León and Infanta Sancha of León. The date of his birth is not known.
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